Grey literature
Also called: gray literature
Research and reporting published outside commercial channels: government and NGO reports, working papers, theses, standards, and conference material.
Grey literature is where a great deal of policy-relevant evidence lives. It is not peer-reviewed in the journal sense, it is often not indexed, and it moves or disappears — which is why citing it well means recording the issuing body, the report number, the date, and a stable URL or repository handle.
Systematic reviews search it deliberately, because excluding it biases the evidence base towards published, positive results.
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See also
Corporate authorAn organisation credited as the author of a work, used when no individual is named.Institutional repositoryA university's own archive of the research its members produce, holding theses, accepted manuscripts, datasets, and reports.Scholarly sourceA source written by researchers for other researchers, reporting or reviewing original work, with full citations.