What does an in-text citation look like in Speculum?

Speculum is a note-based style: citations appear in footnotes or endnotes rather than parentheses in the text. Citing our sample journal article in the text looks like: Maria Rivera and David Chen, “The Mapping of Meaning: A Study of Citation Practice,” Journal of Scholarly Communication 12, no. 3 (2021): 145–62.

How can I generate a Speculum citation?

Use the free generator on this page: paste a DOI, URL (e.g. a news article), or BibTeX, or search for a book by title or author. Select Speculum as the citation style and click Generate to get a formatted reference you can copy into your paper or bibliography.

Speculum Citation Generator

Create accurate Speculum citations for books, articles, and websites in one click.

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Speculum citation examples

Speculum is a note-based style: it has no reference list, and every citation is a footnote. Here is our sample journal article cited in Speculum:

Footnote (journal article): Maria Rivera and David Chen, “The Mapping of Meaning: A Study of Citation Practice,” Journal of Scholarly Communication 12, no. 3 (2021): 145–62.

About Speculum

Citation style for Speculum. From the Citation Style Language repository.

When to use Speculum: When submitting to or citing in publications that use the Speculum style. Common in: International.

Subject areas: history, humanities, linguistics, literature, philosophy and theology.

Formatting rules: Speculum follows the formatting of Chicago Notes Archive Place First No Url, the parent style it is based on.

How to use this Speculum generator

Paste a DOI, a URL to a news article or webpage, or raw BibTeX into the box above. You can also search for a book by title or author and cite it by ISBN. Choose "Speculum" in the style dropdown (it's pre-selected on this page), then click "Generate citation." Copy the result into your reference list or bibliography. You can edit the generated entry (e.g. fix a title or add a date) before copying.

Frequently asked questions about Speculum

What is Speculum?: Citation style for Speculum. From the Citation Style Language repository.
When should I use Speculum?: When submitting to or citing in publications that use the Speculum style.
What does an in-text citation look like in Speculum?: Speculum is a note-based style: citations appear in footnotes or endnotes rather than parentheses in the text. Citing our sample journal article in the text looks like: Maria Rivera and David Chen, “The Mapping of Meaning: A Study of Citation Practice,” Journal of Scholarly Communication 12, no. 3 (2021): 145–62.
How can I generate a Speculum citation?: Use the free generator on this page: paste a DOI, URL (e.g. a news article), or BibTeX, or search for a book by title or author. Select Speculum as the citation style and click Generate to get a formatted reference you can copy into your paper or bibliography.

CitationEasy supports many citation styles from around the world. Our generator uses Citation Style Language (CSL) styles from the official CSL repository.