MLA 9’da sosyal medya gönderileri nasıl kaynak gösterilir

Works Cited, ad artı farklı bir kullanıcı adı:

Last Name, First Name [@handle]. “Gönderinin metni.” X, Day Mon. Year, kalıcı bağlantı.

Works Cited, benzer kullanıcı adı ve bir URL:

Last Name, First Name. “Gönderinin metni.” Instagram, Day Mon. Year, kalıcı bağlantı.

Works Cited, yalnızca görsel veya video:

Author. Title of görsel veya video. TikTok, Day Mon. Year, kalıcı bağlantı.

Works Cited, değişen bir profil:

Last Name, First Name. “Posts.” Instagram, Year, profil URL’si.

Works Cited, URL’siz mobil gönderi:

Last Name, First Name [@handle]. “Gönderinin metni.” X, Day Mon. Year.

Metin içi, parantez:

(Last Name) veya (Account Name) — ilk öğeyle eşleşin

Metin içi, düzyazı:

Last Name şunu yazar . . .

To use the template, record the publication information given by the version of the work you consult by first evaluating the work you are citing to see which elements apply to the source. Then, list each element relevant to your source in the order given on the template. Omit any element that does not apply except Title of Source. If no title is given, use your own description of the work as the title. Conclude each element with the punctuation mark shown in the template—but always end your entry with a period.

To cite material posted on a social media platform, follow the MLA format template. List the author of the post, usually the account name, followed by the title of the material or a description in place of a title in the Title of Source element. Then list the title of the social media site in the Title of Container element. Next list the publisher, unless the name of the site’s publisher is essentially the same as the website title. Then provide the date of publication of the post—if given—or the copyright date of the page. Finally, list the URL in the Location element. As always, key your in-text reference to the first element of the entry. The in-text reference may appear in prose or parentheses.

Because posts published formerly on Twitter now exist on X, we recommend using X as the title of container for any posts published on the platform, past and present.

With the name change came other changes as well: what used to be called tweets are now called posts. To be up-to-date, avoid referring to “tweets” and the corresponding verb form (“so-and-so tweeted”) in your prose.

Works Cited, yeniden markalaşmadan sonra yayımlanan gönderi:

O’Connor, Kim. “Kelly Link on ‘nighttime logic.’” X, 13 Feb. 2024, twitter.com/shallowbrigade/status/1757476492647219227.

Works Cited, artık X’te yaşayan 2022 gönderisi:

Klein, Ezra. “My phone keeps autocorrecting ‘I’ to ‘AI’ which is a little on-the-nose.” X, 22 Apr. 2022, twitter.com/ezraklein/status/1517591690101489665.

Klein satırı için resmî Style Center metin içi:

In a wry post, Ezra Klein wrote that his phone was “autocorrecting ‘I’ to ‘AI’ which is a little on-the-nose” (Klein).

If an author’s online handle differs from the author’s account name (fig. 5.13), it may be helpful to supply the handle in square brackets after the name.

When the handle and account name are similar (e.g., Angie Thomas, @angiethomas), you can usually omit the handle if you include the URL in your entry.

If you do not include the URL—for instance, if you access the post from a mobile device or you follow the option presented in 5.84 to omit URLs— retain the handle since it is a useful finding aid.

Kullanıcı adı hesap adından farklıdır (Handbook §5.16 / fig. 5.13):

Fogarty, Mignon [@GrammarGirl]. “Every once in a while, that Gmail notice asking if you meant to reply to a 5-day-old message is quite helpful.” Twitter, 13 Feb. 2019, twitter.com/GrammarGirl/status/1095734401550303232.

URL olduğu için benzer kullanıcı adı atlandı (Handbook §5.16 Thomas):

Thomas, Angie. Photo of The Hate U Give cover. Instagram, 4 Dec. 2018, www.instagram.com/p/Bq_PaXKgqPw/.

URL olduğu için benzer kullanıcı adı atlandı (Style Center TikTok profili):

Keys, Alicia. “Videos.” TikTok, 2020, www.tiktok.com/@aliciakeys?lang=en.

URL yok, bu yüzden kullanıcı adı kalır (Handbook §5.16):

Nguyen, Viet Thanh [@viet_t_nguyen]. “I could put on my headphones at the Chinese restaurant or I could listen to @barrymanilow sing ‘Mandy.’ I choose Mandy.” Twitter, 19 Feb. 2019.

When a digital message or social media post consists entirely of a photograph or a video, provide a description for a title (see fig. 5.15).

You may also choose to provide a description in place of text from the post itself when your discussion focuses on a nontextual part of the post such as a photograph or a video.

Gönderi metnini kullanın (Handbook / Style Center):

Chaucer Doth Tweet [@LeVostreGC]. “A daye wythout anachronism ys lyke Emily Dickinson wythout her lightsaber.” Twitter, 7 Apr. 2018, twitter.com/LeVostreGC/status/982829987286827009.

Uzun bir gönderiyi üç nokta ile kısaltın:

Smith, Clint. “Today is Frederick Douglass’ 200th birthday . . . .” Twitter, 14 Feb. 2018, twitter.com/ClintSmithIII/status/963810866964639745.

Metin yok: görseli betimleyin (Handbook fig. 5.15 / Style Center):

Ng, Celeste [@pronounced_ing]. Photo of letter from Shirley Jackson. Twitter, 22 Jan. 2018, twitter.com/pronounced_ing/status/955528799357231104.

Pinin başka metni olsa bile görseli betimleyin (Handbook / Style Center):

MacLeod, Michael. Cover of Space Cat and the Kittens, by Ruthven Todd. Pinterest, 2020, www.pinterest.com/pin/565412928193207246/.

Düzyazı, sonra Fogarty kaydı:

As one writer remarked, “Every once in a while, that Gmail notice asking if you meant to reply to a 5-day-old message is quite helpful” (Fogarty).

Fogarty, Mignon [@GrammarGirl]. “Every once in a while, that Gmail notice asking if you meant to reply to a 5-day-old message is quite helpful.” Twitter, 13 Feb. 2019, twitter.com/GrammarGirl/status/1095734401550303232.

Düzyazı, sonra Ng fotoğraf kaydı:

Celeste Ng posted a photo of a letter from Shirley Jackson in which Jackson wrote, “If you don’t like my peaches, don’t shake my tree” (Ng).

Ng, Celeste [@pronounced_ing]. Photo of letter from Shirley Jackson. Twitter, 22 Jan. 2018, twitter.com/pronounced_ing/status/955528799357231104.

To access the URL of a Facebook post, click the time stamp near the top of the post and then copy the URL of the page.

Resmî metin içi, sonra gönderi:

On Facebook the World Wildlife Fund announced the birth of twenty-three endangered glossy black cockatoo chicks.

Gönderi:

World Wildlife Fund. “Inspiring conservation news: 23 endangered glossy black cockatoo chicks hatched on Kangaroo Island, an area previously ravaged by Australia’s devastating bushfires.” Facebook, 8 July 2020, www.facebook.com/worldwildlifefund/posts/10157806449919794.

Fotoğraf:

World Wildlife Fund. “Happy Earth Day from all of us at WWF!” Facebook, 22 Apr. 2019, www.facebook.com/worldwildlifefund/photos/a.58993914793/10156574728914794.

Video:

World Wildlife Fund. “Five Things to Know on Shark Awareness Day.” Facebook, 14 July 2020, www.facebook.com/worldwildlifefund/videos/745925785979440/.

Photos sekmesi / sayfa:

World Wildlife Fund. “Photos.” Facebook, 2020, www.facebook.com/worldwildlifefund/photos/.

Altyazılı gönderi için resmî metin içi:

Michael Chabon paid tribute to Milton Glaser by posting one of the designer’s iconic images on Instagram.

Altyazılı gönderi:

Chabon, Michael. “#rip Milton Glaser. I grew up in his work. So hard to pick a favorite, maybe this, which also features one of the many awesome typefaces he designed, Baby Teeth. #mahaliajackson #miltonglaser.” Instagram, 28 June 2020, www.instagram.com/p/CB-E9gngVwo/.

Fotoğraf (Style Center betimlemesi):

Thomas, Angie. Photo of burned copy of The Hate U Give. Instagram, 4 Dec. 2018, www.instagram.com/p/Bq_PaXKgqPw/.

Resmî metin içi, sonra video:

In Hamilton, when the colonists rebel against England, King George expresses his feelings in a humorous solo. “Remember we made an arrangement when you went away. Now you’re making me mad,” he sings (Hamilton Videos).

Hamilton Videos [@hamilton.vods]. Video of King George in Hamilton. Instagram, 5 July 2020, www.instagram.com/p/CCPEUJLDz0l/.

Profil:

Gay, Roxane. “Posts.” Instagram, 2020, www.instagram.com/roxanegay74/.

Öne çıkan:

Guggenheim Museum. “People.” Instagram, 2020, www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17850044881917911/.

Kaydedilmemiş Story:

The Museum of Modern Art. Image of Fernand Léger’s The Three Musicians. Instagram, 14 July 2020, www.instagram.com/stories/themuseumofmodernart/2353246125954046321.

Note that Instagram stories disappear after twenty-four hours unless the creator saves them as a highlight. You can still cite unsaved stories by providing a description of the image or video, the date it was posted, and the URL of the story.

Resmî metin içi, sonra video:

An example of the Dark Academic aesthetic can be found on TikTok (Lilly).

Video:

Lilly [@uvisaa]. “[I]f u like dark academia there’s a good chance you’ve seen my tumblr #darkacademia.” TikTok, 2020, www.tiktok.com/@uvisaa/video/6815708894900391173.

Profil:

Keys, Alicia. “Videos.” TikTok, 2020, www.tiktok.com/@aliciakeys?lang=en.

Note that the Reddit post, which reviews the book King Leopold’s Ghost, provides the book title as the title of the post, so the title of the Reddit post is a description that includes the book title: Review of King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa, by Adam Hochschild.

Forum gönderisi için resmî metin içi:

A recent review on Reddit notes that Adam Hochschild’s King Leopold’s Ghost “brings heartbreaking humanity to this genocidal tragedy by telling stories of individuals” (U/reggiew07).

Forum gönderisi:

U/reggiew07. Review of King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa, by Adam Hochschild. Reddit, 31 Oct. 2020, www.reddit.com/r/books/comments/jlbrs4/king_leopolds_ghost_a_story_of_greed_terror_and/.

Forum yorumu:

Varro-reatinus. Comment on U/reggiew07’s review of King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa, by Adam Hochschild. Reddit, 31 Oct. 2020, www.reddit.com/r/books/comments/jlbrs4/king_leopolds_ghost_a_story_of_greed_terror_and/.

LinkedIn, yalnızca yıl, metin kısaltılmış:

Modern Language Association. “Business leaders say college graduates are not effectively prepared with either soft or technical skills for today’s workforce . . . .” LinkedIn, 2020, www.linkedin.com/posts/modern-language-association_are-colleges-finally-going-to-start-training-activity-6683424396222193664-y29x.

Pinterest görseli:

MacLeod, Michael. Cover of Space Cat and the Kittens, by Ruthven Todd. Pinterest, 2020, www.pinterest.com/pin/565412928193207246/.

Snapchat, hesap URL’si artı erişim tarihi (Style Center):

Obama, Michelle. Photo with students in Vietnam. Snapchat, www.snapchat.com/add/michelleobama. Accessed 14 July 2020.

Takvim tarihli Snapchat (Handbook §5.23):

Wilson, Rebel. Video of tire-flipping exercise. Snapchat, 14 July 2020, www.snapchat.com/add/rebelwilsonsnap.

Threads şablonu:

Last Name, First Name [@handle]. “Gönderinin metni.” Threads, Day Mon. Year, kalıcı bağlantı.

Bluesky şablonu:

Last Name, First Name [@handle]. “Gönderinin metni.” Bluesky, Day Mon. Year, kalıcı bağlantı.

When a time is given and helps define and locate the work, include it. Times should be expressed in whatever form you find them in the source: the twelve hour-clock form (2:00 p.m.) or the twenty-four-hour-clock form (14:00). Include time zone information when provided and pertinent.

MLA Handbook, 9th edition, §5.80.

An access date for an online work should generally be provided if the work lacks a publication date or if you suspect that the work has been altered or removed.

MLA Handbook, 9th edition, §5.111.

Telif tarihi olmayan mobil profil (Style Center):

World Wildlife Fund. “Photos.” Facebook, www.facebook.com/worldwildlifefund/. Accessed 14 July 2020.

Create an in-text citation of a social media post the same way you would create an in-text citation for any other source: provide the shortest piece of information that directs your reader to the relevant entry in the works-cited list.

You would cite an Instagram post the way you would cite any other work—by author and, in this case, by title, since there will be more than one works-cited-list entry under the author’s name.

Adı geçen yazar (Style Center Fogarty):

(Fogarty)

Adı geçen yazar (Style Center Klein düzyazısı):

In a wry post, Ezra Klein wrote that his phone was “autocorrecting ‘I’ to ‘AI’ which is a little on-the-nose” (Klein).

Fotoğraf kaydı (Style Center Ng):

(Ng)

İlk öğe olarak Reddit kullanıcı adı:

(U/reggiew07)

Aynı hesabın iki Instagram gönderisi (kısaltılmış bir başlık ekleyin):

(Gay, “Posts”) and a second Gay line keyed to that post’s title or description

Emojis do not need to be included in the titles of tweets. If the emoji is important to the meaning of the tweet, you should describe the emoji in your prose.

If the tweet’s text is composed solely of the emoji itself, its title in the works-cited list should be a generic description of the emoji (MLA Handbook 28–29).

Sekizinci baskı kullanıcı adı önde emoji örneği (yazar sırasını MLA 9’a kopyalamayın):

@BTS_twt. Microphone emoji. Twitter, 27 Feb. 2018, twitter.com/BTS_twt/status/968572393718407168.