APSA Annotated Bibliography
An annotated bibliography is a list of source citations that each include a short descriptive or evaluative paragraph. In APSA format (current), each entry begins with a properly formatted reference followed by an annotation that summarizes, assesses, or reflects on the source. This guide walks you through the rules, formatting, and examples you need to create a polished APSA annotated bibliography.
What Is an Annotated Bibliography?
An annotated bibliography goes beyond a standard references by adding a brief paragraph after each citation. This annotation gives readers insight into the content, quality, and relevance of the source. Instructors often assign annotated bibliographies to help students evaluate their sources critically and demonstrate how each source contributes to their research topic.
There are three common types of annotations: descriptive annotations that summarize the source, evaluative annotations that assess the quality and reliability of the work, and combination annotations that do both. Your assignment instructions should specify which type to use.
APSA Annotated Bibliography Rules
Follow these rules when formatting an annotated bibliography in APSA Style Manual:
- Each entry begins with a standard APSA reference entry, followed by the annotation
- Annotations are typically 100–200 words and appear as an indented paragraph below the reference
- Use a hanging indent for the reference entry
- APSA follows a similar format to ASA and APA but with political science-specific conventions
- Evaluate sources for their theoretical framework, methodology, and contribution to political science
Example Annotated Bibliography Entry
Below is a sample APSA annotated bibliography entry for a book:
Smith, Jane D. 2024. The Art of Research. London: Academic Press.
This source provides a comprehensive overview of the topic, presenting well-supported arguments backed by empirical evidence. The author draws on a wide range of primary and secondary sources to build a persuasive case. The methodology is rigorous and the findings are clearly presented, making this work a valuable resource for understanding the subject. This source is particularly useful for establishing the theoretical framework of the research project and offers perspectives that complement other works in the bibliography.
Tips for Writing APSA Annotations
- Start by summarizing the source in two to three sentences, then add your evaluation of its strengths, limitations, and relevance.
- Use third person and an academic tone throughout your annotations. Avoid casual language or first-person reflections unless your instructor requests them.
- Keep each annotation between 100 and 200 words. Be concise and focus on the most important aspects of the source.
- Explain how the source fits into your overall research. Describe what unique perspective or evidence it contributes.
- Make sure the citation portion of each entry follows APSA Style Manual formatting rules exactly before writing the annotation.
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Use the CitationEasy Annotated Bibliography Maker to generate properly formatted APSA citations, then add your annotations.
Open Annotated Bibliography Maker →Related APSA Guides
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is an annotated bibliography in APSA?
- An annotated bibliography in APSA (current) is a list of citations formatted in APSA Style Manual style, each followed by a brief paragraph that summarizes, evaluates, or reflects on the source. It helps readers understand the relevance and quality of each source.
- How long should annotations be?
- Annotations are typically 100 to 200 words. Some assignments may require shorter or longer annotations depending on the depth of analysis expected. Always check your instructor's guidelines for specific length requirements.
- What should an annotation include?
- An annotation should include a brief summary of the source's main argument or findings, an evaluation of the source's credibility and usefulness, and a reflection on how the source fits into your research. Some annotations are purely descriptive, while others include critical analysis.