# CitationEasy > Free citation generator and academic-writing reference. Formats citations in > 10,832 Citation Style Language (CSL) styles — APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago, Harvard, > Vancouver, IEEE, AMA and every journal style in the CSL repository — from a > URL, DOI, ISBN, PMID, arXiv ID, BibTeX, RIS, or CSL-JSON. No account, no > paywall, no rate limit on the site itself. CitationEasy is built to be read by machines as well as people. Everything the site publishes is reachable three ways: as HTML, as token-cheap markdown, and as JSON. Citations are generated by citeproc-js against the official CSL style definitions, so output matches what a journal's own submission system expects. Facts worth knowing before you use the output: - Formatting is deterministic — the same input and style always produce the same string. Nothing is model-generated. - Metadata for DOIs comes from Crossref, books from Open Library, PMIDs from PubMed. CitationEasy does not invent bibliographic data; if a field is missing upstream it is missing in the output rather than guessed. - Bibliographies live in the user's browser (localStorage) or in a share link. There are no accounts and nothing to authenticate against. ## For AI assistants and agents - [Agent & developer documentation](https://www.citationeasy.com/ai): how to call CitationEasy programmatically, with examples. - [OpenAPI 3.1 specification](https://www.citationeasy.com/openapi.json): machine-readable description of every public endpoint. - [MCP server endpoint](https://www.citationeasy.com/api/mcp): Model Context Protocol over streamable HTTP (JSON-RPC 2.0). Tools: generate_citation, search_citation_styles, get_citation_style, how_to_cite, answer_citation_question, search_site, get_page, list_free_tools, list_guides, describe_site. - [Complete page index](https://www.citationeasy.com/llms-full.txt): every one of the site's pages, grouped by type, one line each. - [Markdown view of any page](https://www.citationeasy.com/md/citation-style/apa): prefix any site path with /md/ to get markdown instead of HTML — far cheaper to read than the rendered page. Public JSON API (no key, CORS-open, GET unless noted): - POST https://www.citationeasy.com/api/v1/cite — format a citation. Body: {"input": "10.1000/xyz", "style": "apa", "inText": true, "note": false}. Accepts a URL, DOI, ISBN, PMID, arXiv ID, or a CSL-JSON `entry` object instead of `input`. - GET https://www.citationeasy.com/api/v1/styles?q=nature&limit=20 — search the 10,832 styles. - GET https://www.citationeasy.com/api/v1/styles/apa — one style: format class, disciplines, region, and real formatted examples. - GET https://www.citationeasy.com/api/v1/search?q=cite%20a%20podcast — search every page on the site. - GET https://www.citationeasy.com/api/v1/faq?q=hanging%20indent — vetted answers to common citation questions. - GET https://www.citationeasy.com/api/v1/tools, /guides, /how-to-cite, /converters, /comparisons, /fields — the full catalog of each. - GET https://www.citationeasy.com/api/v1 — endpoint discovery document. ## Start here - [CitationEasy — free citation generator](https://www.citationeasy.com): Paste a URL, DOI, ISBN, PMID, arXiv ID, or BibTeX and get a formatted citation in any of 10,832 styles. No account, no paywall. - [Browse all 10,832 citation styles](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles): Searchable index of every CSL citation style, filterable by country, subject category, and academic field. - [Free writing and citation tools](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools): 71 browser-based tools: citation generators for every source type, word/character counters, readability scoring, formatters, and converters. - [How to cite any source in any style](https://www.citationeasy.com/how-to-cite): 1290 step-by-step pages pairing 43 source types with the major citation styles. - [Citation and academic writing guides](https://www.citationeasy.com/guides): 125 in-depth guides on citing specific sources, evaluating sources, and academic writing. - [Compare citation styles side by side](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare): Side-by-side comparisons of the major citation styles: in-text format, reference list, capitalization, and when each is required. - [Citation converters](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert): Convert between DOI, ISBN, PubMed ID, arXiv ID, BibTeX, RIS, CSL-JSON, and formatted references. - [Which citation style should I use?](https://www.citationeasy.com/quiz): A short quiz that recommends a citation style based on your discipline, institution, and assignment type. - [Cite this page](https://www.citationeasy.com/cite-this-page): Generate a citation for any web page you are reading, including a bookmarklet you can keep in your browser bar. - [Citation FAQ](https://www.citationeasy.com/faq): Answers to the most common citation questions: what to cite, when to cite, in-text vs reference list, DOIs, AI tools, and more. - [Citation cheat sheets](https://www.citationeasy.com/cheat-sheets): One-page printable summaries of the APA, MLA, and Chicago rules you use most often. - [Shared bibliography](https://www.citationeasy.com/shared-bibliography): Open a bibliography someone shared with you. Bibliographies travel in the URL — nothing is stored on a server. - [CitationEasy for AI assistants and agents](https://www.citationeasy.com/ai): Public JSON API, MCP server, llms.txt, and markdown views of every page — how to use CitationEasy programmatically. - [About CitationEasy](https://www.citationeasy.com/about): Who builds CitationEasy and why it is free. - [Contact](https://www.citationeasy.com/contact): How to reach the CitationEasy team. - [Privacy policy](https://www.citationeasy.com/privacy): What CitationEasy stores (almost nothing — citations live in your browser). - [Terms of service](https://www.citationeasy.com/terms): Terms governing use of CitationEasy. ## Major citation styles (full guides) - [American Psychological Association 7th Edition (7th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/apa): The most widely used citation style in the social sciences In-text format (Author, Year); end-of-paper list called the Reference List. Common in Psychology, Education, Social Sciences, Nursing, Business. - [Modern Language Association 9th Edition (9th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/mla): The standard citation style for the humanities In-text format (Author Page); end-of-paper list called the Works Cited. Common in Literature, Languages, Arts, Humanities, Cultural Studies. - [Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition (17th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/chicago): America's most trusted style guide for authors, editors, and publishers In-text format (Author Year); end-of-paper list called the Reference List. Common in History, Social Sciences, Arts, Humanities, Publishing. - [Harvard Referencing (Cite Them Right 11th Edition) (Cite Them Right 11th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/harvard): The most popular referencing style in UK and Australian universities In-text format (Author, Year); end-of-paper list called the Reference List. Common in Business, Social Sciences, Sciences, Law, Engineering. - [Vancouver (ICMJE Recommendations) (ICMJE standard)](https://www.citationeasy.com/vancouver): The standard citation style for medical and biomedical journals In-text format Superscript or bracketed numbers (1); end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Medicine, Nursing, Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences. - [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (standard)](https://www.citationeasy.com/ieee): The go-to citation style for engineering and computer science In-text format Bracketed numbers [1]; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Engineering, Computer Science, Electronics, Information Technology. - [American Medical Association 11th Edition (11th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/ama): The citation standard for American medical journals In-text format Superscript numbers¹; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Medicine, Health Sciences, Pharmacy, Public Health. - [A Manual for Writers (Turabian) 9th Edition (9th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/turabian): The student-friendly version of Chicago style In-text format (Author Year); end-of-paper list called the Reference List. Common in History, Humanities, Social Sciences, Theology. - [Council of Science Editors 8th Edition (8th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/cse): The preferred citation style for the natural and physical sciences In-text format Superscript numbers or (Author Year); end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Biology, Ecology, Geology, Environmental Science. - [BibTeX for LaTeX (standard)](https://www.citationeasy.com/bibtex): The bibliography format for LaTeX users and academic typesetting In-text format Key-based references; end-of-paper list called the Bibliography. Common in Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, Engineering. - [Nature Journal Style (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/nature): The citation style used by the world's leading multidisciplinary journal In-text format Superscript numbers¹; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Natural Sciences, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Medicine. - [American Chemical Society (4th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/acs): The citation standard for chemistry and chemical sciences In-text format Superscript numbers or (Author, Year); end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Chemistry, Biochemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science. - [Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (4th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/oscola): The standard legal citation style for UK law schools and journals In-text format Footnotes with case and legislation citations; end-of-paper list called the Bibliography. Common in Law, Legal Studies, Jurisprudence. - [The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (21st edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/bluebook): The definitive legal citation system for US courts and law reviews In-text format Footnotes with signal abbreviations; end-of-paper list called the Table of Authorities. Common in Law, Legal Studies, Court Documents, Law Review. - [Australian Guide to Legal Citation 4th Edition (4th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/aglc): The standard legal citation style for Australian law schools and courts In-text format Footnotes with pinpoint references; end-of-paper list called the Bibliography. Common in Australian Law, Legal Studies. - [American Sociological Association 7th Edition (7th edition)](https://www.citationeasy.com/asa): The standard citation style for sociology and social research In-text format (Author Year); end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Sociology, Social Work, Criminology, Demography. - [American Political Science Association (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/apsa): The citation style for political science research and journals In-text format (Author Year); end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Political Science, International Relations, Public Policy. - [American Anthropological Association (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/aaa): The standard citation style for anthropological research In-text format (Author Year); end-of-paper list called the References Cited. Common in Anthropology, Archaeology, Ethnography. - [National Library of Medicine (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/nlm): The citation standard used by PubMed and the National Library of Medicine In-text format Bracketed numbers (1); end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Medicine, Life Sciences, Public Health. - [Association for Computing Machinery (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/acm): The citation style for ACM conferences and computing research In-text format Bracketed numbers [1]; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Computer Science, Information Systems, Software Engineering. - [American Physical Society (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/aps): The citation style for Physical Review and APS journals In-text format Bracketed numbers [1]; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Physics, Astrophysics, Condensed Matter. - [American Institute of Physics (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/aip): The citation style for AIP and physics journals In-text format Superscript numbers¹; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Physics, Applied Physics, Acoustics. - [Cell Journal Style (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/cell): The citation style for Cell Press and leading biology journals In-text format (Author, Year); end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Biotechnology. - [Science (AAAS) Journal Style (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/science): The citation style for Science magazine and AAAS journals In-text format Italic numbers (1); end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Multidisciplinary Science, Biology, Physics, Chemistry. - [PLOS ONE Style (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/plos): The citation style for PLOS open-access journals In-text format Bracketed numbers [1]; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Multidisciplinary Science, Biology, Medicine, Public Health. - [British Medical Journal Style (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/bmj): The citation style for BMJ and leading British medical journals In-text format Superscript numbers¹; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Medicine, Public Health, Epidemiology. - [The Lancet Journal Style (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/lancet): The citation style for The Lancet family of medical journals In-text format Superscript numbers¹; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Medicine, Global Health, Public Health. - [Journal of the American Medical Association (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/jama): The citation style for JAMA and the JAMA Network journals In-text format Superscript numbers¹; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Medicine, Clinical Research, Public Health. - [Elsevier Harvard Style (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/elsevier-harvard): The Harvard-style variant used across Elsevier journals In-text format (Author, Year); end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering, Medicine. - [Springer Basic Style (current)](https://www.citationeasy.com/springer): The citation style for Springer Nature journals and books In-text format Bracketed numbers [1]; end-of-paper list called the References. Common in Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering, Computer Science. ## Free tools - [Word Counter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/word-counter): Count words, characters, sentences, and paragraphs in your text. Get reading time estimates and readability scores instantly. - [Title Case Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/title-case-converter): Convert text to Title Case, UPPERCASE, lowercase, or Sentence case. Follows APA, MLA, Chicago, and AP title capitalization rules. - [Readability Score Checker](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/readability-checker): Check the readability of your writing with Flesch-Kincaid, Gunning Fog, Coleman-Liau, and SMOG readability scores. - [Bibliography Alphabetizer](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/bibliography-alphabetizer): Alphabetize your bibliography, works cited, or reference list instantly. Supports APA, MLA, and Chicago sorting rules. - [Hanging Indent Formatter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/hanging-indent-formatter): Format your bibliography with proper hanging indents. Copy formatted text for APA, MLA, and Chicago reference lists. - [DOI Validator & Resolver](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/doi-validator): Validate and resolve DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers). Check if a DOI is valid and get the full metadata for any academic article. - [DOI Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/doi-citation-generator): Paste a DOI and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, year, and journal filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. - [ISBN Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/isbn-citation-generator): Enter a book's ISBN and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, publisher, and year filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. - [PMID Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/pmid-citation-generator): Paste a PubMed ID (PMID or PMCID) and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, year, and journal filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, Vancouver, and 10,832 styles. - [arXiv Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/arxiv-citation-generator): Paste an arXiv ID and get a full, formatted preprint citation — authors, title, and year filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,832 styles. - [Website Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/website-citation-generator): Paste a URL and get a full, formatted website citation — author, title, site name, and date filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. - [Book Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/book-citation-generator): Search a book by title or ISBN and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, publisher, and year filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. - [Book Chapter Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/book-chapter-citation-generator): Cite a chapter in an edited book or anthology in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the chapter author, chapter title, book editor(s), book title, page range, and publisher and get a full, formatted reference. - [Journal Article Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/journal-article-citation-generator): Paste a DOI or article title and get a full, formatted journal citation — author, title, journal, volume, year, and pages filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,832 styles. - [YouTube Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/youtube-citation-generator): Paste a YouTube or video URL and get a full, formatted citation — uploader, title, site, and date filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. - [Newspaper Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/newspaper-citation-generator): Paste an online news article URL and get a full, formatted citation — author, headline, newspaper, and date filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. - [Magazine Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/magazine-citation-generator): Cite a print or online magazine article in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the author, article title, magazine name, and date and get a full, formatted reference. - [Podcast Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/podcast-citation-generator): Cite a podcast episode or series in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the host, episode title, show name, and date and get a full, formatted reference. - [Conference Paper Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/conference-paper-citation-generator): Cite a conference paper, presentation, or proceedings in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,832 styles — enter the paper title, authors, conference name, location, and year and get a full, formatted reference. - [Encyclopedia Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/encyclopedia-citation-generator): Cite an encyclopedia or reference-work entry — Wikipedia, Britannica, or a subject encyclopedia — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. Enter the entry title, encyclopedia name, author, and year and get a full, formatted reference. - [Social Media Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/social-media-citation-generator): Cite a tweet, X post, Instagram, Facebook, or TikTok in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the post content, author/handle, platform, date, and URL and get a full, formatted reference. - [Dictionary Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/dictionary-citation-generator): Cite a dictionary entry — Merriam-Webster, the OED, or any online or print dictionary — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. Enter the word, dictionary name, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference with the APA n.d. + retrieval-date rule applied. - [Report Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/report-citation-generator): Cite a government report, technical report, NGO or think-tank report, annual report, or white paper in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the organization, title, report number, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference. - [Song Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/song-citation-generator): Cite a song, single, or album — from Spotify, Apple Music, or a CD — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. Enter the artist, song title, album, label, and year and get a full, formatted reference. - [TV Show & Episode Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/tv-show-citation-generator): Cite a TV show or a single television episode — enter the episode title, series, season and episode numbers, network, and writer or director — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. Free, no sign-up. - [Movie & Film Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/movie-citation-generator): Enter a film's title, director, studio, and year and get a full, formatted citation — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. Free, no sign-up. - [Thesis & Dissertation Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/thesis-citation-generator): Cite a thesis or dissertation in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the author, title, degree type, university, and year and get a full, formatted reference. - [Interview Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/interview-citation-generator): Cite a personal, published, or broadcast interview in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the interviewee, interviewer, date, and publication and get a full, formatted reference. - [Image Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/image-citation-generator): Enter a photo, figure, or artwork's creator, title, format, year, and source and get a full, formatted citation — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. Free, no sign-up. - [Et Al. Rules Calculator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/et-al-calculator): Determine when to use et al. in your citations. Get the correct rules for APA 7th, MLA 9th, Chicago, Harvard, and Vancouver. - [Citation Checker (APA 7)](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/citation-checker): Paste your APA 7 reference list to catch likely formatting issues — author order, year, DOI format, sentence case, alphabetical order, and duplicates. Free and unlimited. - [Citation Checker (MLA 9)](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/citation-checker-mla): Paste your MLA 9 Works Cited list to catch likely formatting issues — author inversion, the 'and' connector, Title Case, DOI format, alphabetical order, and duplicates. Free and unlimited. - [Grammar Checker](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/grammar-checker): Catch repeated words, a/an errors, punctuation slips, its/it's and then/than mix-ups, and 40+ common misspellings. Rule-based, free, and your text never leaves your browser. - [PDF Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/pdf-citation-generator): Upload a journal article's PDF and we find its DOI right in the file, then cite it in any of 10,832 styles. The PDF never leaves your browser. - [Reference Extractor](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/reference-extractor): Upload a Word (.docx) or text file — or paste your paper — to extract the reference list, find every in-text citation, collect DOIs, and spot citations missing from the list. Runs entirely in your browser. - [Lorem Ipsum Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/lorem-ipsum-generator): Generate placeholder text for your documents, essays, and web designs. Choose paragraphs, sentences, or words. - [Citation Format Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/citation-style-converter): Convert citations between BibTeX, RIS, and formatted text. Paste a citation in one format and export it in another. - [Block Quote Formatter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/block-quote-formatter): Format long quotes as block quotations with proper indentation for APA, MLA, and Chicago styles. Know when to use block quotes. - [Paraphrase Quality Checker](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/paraphrase-checker): Compare your paraphrase to the original text. Check if your rewrite is different enough to avoid plagiarism. - [In-Text Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/in-text-citation-generator): Generate in-text citations for APA, MLA, and Chicago. Enter author names and year to get properly formatted parenthetical and narrative citations. - [Chicago Footnote Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/chicago-footnote-generator): Generate full Chicago-style footnotes (notes and bibliography). Paste a URL, DOI, or ISBN and get the footnote plus the matching bibliography entry. - [Annotated Bibliography Maker](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/annotated-bibliography-maker): Create annotated bibliography entries. Add summaries and evaluations to your citations with proper formatting. - [Essay Outline Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/essay-outline-generator): Generate structured essay outlines. Choose from argumentative, expository, compare/contrast, and research paper templates. - [Abstract Writing Helper](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/abstract-generator): Structure your research abstract with guided prompts. Follow the IMRaD format with word count tracking for journal submissions. - [Character Counter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/character-counter): Count characters with and without spaces, unique characters, and character frequency. Track character limits for social media, essays, and abstracts. - [Sentence Counter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/sentence-counter): Count sentences in your text. Get average sentence length, longest and shortest sentences, and sentence variety analysis for better writing. - [Reading Time Calculator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/reading-time-calculator): Estimate how long it takes to read or speak your text aloud. Perfect for blog posts, presentations, speeches, and podcast scripts. - [Remove Line Breaks](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/remove-line-breaks): Remove unwanted line breaks and extra whitespace from text copied from PDFs, emails, or web pages. Clean up formatting instantly. - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines): Remove duplicate lines from your text while preserving the original order. See which lines were duplicates and how many were removed. - [Sort Lines Alphabetically](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/sort-lines): Sort lines alphabetically (A–Z or Z–A), by length, or reverse line order. Perfect for sorting lists, references, and data. - [Word Frequency Counter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/word-frequency-counter): Analyze word frequency in your text. Find the most common words, identify overused phrases, and improve vocabulary variety in your writing. - [Text Diff Checker](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/text-diff-checker): Compare two texts side by side and highlight the differences. Find changes between drafts, revisions, and versions of your writing. - [JSON Formatter & Validator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/json-formatter): Format, validate, and beautify JSON data. Minify or pretty-print JSON with syntax highlighting and error detection. - [CSV to Table Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/csv-to-table): Convert CSV data into formatted tables. Preview your data as an HTML table and copy it for use in documents, reports, or web pages. - [Passive Voice Detector](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/passive-voice-detector): Detect passive voice constructions in your writing. Highlight passive sentences and get suggestions to rewrite them in active voice for stronger academic prose. - [Transition Word Finder](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/transition-word-finder): Find and analyze transition words in your text. See which transitions you use, identify gaps, and get suggestions for smoother flow between paragraphs and ideas. - [Text to URL Slug Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/text-to-slug): Convert any text into a clean, URL-friendly slug. Remove special characters, replace spaces with hyphens, and generate SEO-friendly URLs instantly. - [HTML Tag Remover](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/html-stripper): Remove all HTML tags from text and extract clean plain text. Perfect for cleaning up content copied from web pages, emails, or CMS editors. - [Markdown to Plain Text](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/markdown-to-text): Convert Markdown-formatted text to clean plain text. Remove headers, bold, italics, links, lists, and other Markdown syntax while preserving readability. - [Citation Counter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/citation-counter): Count the number of citations and references in your academic paper. Detect parenthetical, narrative, and numbered citation formats across APA, MLA, Chicago, and more. - [Thesis Statement Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/thesis-statement-generator): Generate strong thesis statements for argumentative, analytical, and expository essays. Enter your topic and position to get a focused, debatable thesis. - [Research Question Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/research-question-generator): Generate focused research questions from your topic. Get questions suitable for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research across any academic discipline. - [Acronym Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/acronym-generator): Generate acronyms and abbreviations from any phrase or set of words. Perfect for project names, organization names, and academic terminology. - [Text Encoder & Decoder](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/text-encoder-decoder): Encode and decode text in multiple formats: URL encoding, Base64, HTML entities, and Unicode escape sequences. Convert between formats instantly. - [Number to Words Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/number-to-words): Convert numbers to their written word form. Follow APA, Chicago, and AP style rules for when to spell out numbers vs. use numerals in academic writing. - [Backwards Text Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/backwards-text-generator): Reverse text character by character, word by word, or line by line. Generate backwards text, mirror text, and upside-down text for creative projects. - [Oxford Comma Checker](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/oxford-comma-checker): Check your text for consistent Oxford comma usage. Detect serial commas, find inconsistencies, and ensure your writing follows APA, Chicago, or AP style rules. - [Sentence Case Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/sentence-case-converter): Convert text to sentence case — capitalize only the first letter of each sentence. Perfect for fixing ALL CAPS text or reformatting titles and headings. - [Keyword Density Analyzer](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/word-density-analyzer): Analyze keyword density and word distribution in your text. Find overused words, check keyword frequency percentages, and optimize content for SEO and readability. - [ChatGPT & AI Citation Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/chatgpt-citation-generator): Cite ChatGPT and other generative AI tools in APA, MLA, and Chicago. See official reference, Works Cited, and footnote formats with examples. - [Title Page Generator](https://www.citationeasy.com/tools/title-page-generator): Create a correctly formatted APA 7 (student or professional) title page or MLA 9 first-page heading. Live preview plus copy-as-Word-ready HTML. ## Citation converters - [DOI to APA Citation Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/doi-to-apa): Paste DOIs (one per line) and get APA 7 references instantly, pulled from the publisher's official Crossref metadata. Free, no account. - [DOI to MLA Citation Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/doi-to-mla): Turn DOIs into MLA 9 works-cited entries automatically using Crossref metadata. Paste one DOI per line — free, nothing to install. - [DOI to BibTeX Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/doi-to-bibtex): Convert DOIs to BibTeX entries for LaTeX and Overleaf. Paste one DOI per line, download a ready .bib — free and unlimited. - [DOI to RIS Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/doi-to-ris): Convert DOIs into a RIS file that Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote import directly. Paste DOIs one per line — free, no sign-up. - [ISBN to APA Citation Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/isbn-to-apa): Turn ISBNs into APA 7 book references automatically. Paste one ISBN per line and copy the formatted list — free, no account. - [ISBN to MLA Citation Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/isbn-to-mla): Convert ISBNs to MLA 9 works-cited entries in one paste. Free ISBN lookup with formatted output — no sign-up needed. - [ISBN to BibTeX Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/isbn-to-bibtex): Convert ISBNs into BibTeX @book entries for LaTeX. Paste one ISBN per line, download the .bib file — free and instant. - [PMID to APA Citation Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/pmid-to-apa): Convert PubMed IDs to APA 7 references automatically. Paste PMIDs one per line and get a formatted reference list — free. - [PMID to RIS Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/pmid-to-ris): Turn PubMed IDs into a RIS file for Zotero, Mendeley, or EndNote. Paste PMIDs one per line, download the .ris — free. - [arXiv to BibTeX Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/arxiv-to-bibtex): Convert arXiv IDs to BibTeX entries for LaTeX papers. Paste IDs like 2301.12345, one per line, and download the .bib — free. - [BibTeX to APA Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/bibtex-to-apa): Paste or upload a .bib file and get an APA 7 reference list. Handles multi-entry files — free, runs the parse in your browser. - [BibTeX to MLA Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/bibtex-to-mla): Convert BibTeX to MLA 9 works-cited entries. Paste or upload the .bib file and copy the formatted list — free, no account. - [BibTeX to RIS Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/bibtex-to-ris): Convert a .bib file to RIS for Zotero, Mendeley, or EndNote. Paste or upload BibTeX, download the .ris — free and offline. - [BibTeX to CSL-JSON Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/bibtex-to-csl-json): Convert BibTeX to CSL-JSON for Pandoc and Quarto. Paste or upload the .bib, download references.json — free, in-browser. - [BibTeX to Word Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/bibtex-to-word): Turn a .bib file into a Word document with an APA-formatted, hanging-indent reference list. Free — parse happens in your browser. - [RIS to APA Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/ris-to-apa): Paste or upload a RIS export and get an APA 7 reference list. Works with Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote, and database exports — free. - [RIS to MLA Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/ris-to-mla): Convert RIS exports from databases or reference managers into MLA 9 works-cited entries. Paste or upload — free, no sign-up. - [RIS to BibTeX Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/ris-to-bibtex): Convert RIS to BibTeX for LaTeX and Overleaf. Paste or upload the .ris export, download a clean .bib file — free, in-browser. - [RIS to CSL-JSON Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/ris-to-csl-json): Convert RIS exports to CSL-JSON for Pandoc and Quarto pipelines. Paste or upload the .ris, download references.json — free. - [CSL-JSON to BibTeX Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/csl-json-to-bibtex): Convert CSL-JSON (Pandoc/Quarto/Zotero exports) to BibTeX. Paste or upload the .json, download the .bib — free, in-browser. - [CSL-JSON to RIS Converter](https://www.citationeasy.com/convert/csl-json-to-ris): Convert CSL-JSON to RIS so Zotero, Mendeley, or EndNote can import it. Paste or upload the .json, download the .ris — free. ## Style comparisons - [APA vs MLA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-mla): Side-by-side comparison of APA and MLA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs Chicago](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-chicago): Side-by-side comparison of APA and Chicago: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs Chicago](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-chicago): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and Chicago: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs Harvard](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-harvard): Side-by-side comparison of APA and Harvard: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Harvard vs Vancouver](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/harvard-vs-vancouver): Side-by-side comparison of Harvard and Vancouver: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Chicago vs Turabian](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/chicago-vs-turabian): Side-by-side comparison of Chicago and Turabian: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs Vancouver](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-vancouver): Side-by-side comparison of APA and Vancouver: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs IEEE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-ieee): Side-by-side comparison of APA and IEEE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs APA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-apa): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and APA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs AMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-ama): Side-by-side comparison of APA and AMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs Harvard](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-harvard): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and Harvard: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [IEEE vs Vancouver](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ieee-vs-vancouver): Side-by-side comparison of IEEE and Vancouver: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs ASA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-asa): Side-by-side comparison of APA and ASA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Harvard vs APA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/harvard-vs-apa): Side-by-side comparison of Harvard and APA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Vancouver vs AMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/vancouver-vs-ama): Side-by-side comparison of Vancouver and AMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs Bluebook](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-bluebook): Side-by-side comparison of APA and Bluebook: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [OSCOLA vs Bluebook](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/oscola-vs-bluebook): Side-by-side comparison of OSCOLA and Bluebook: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs CSE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-cse): Side-by-side comparison of APA and CSE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Chicago vs Harvard](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/chicago-vs-harvard): Side-by-side comparison of Chicago and Harvard: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of APA and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs Vancouver](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-vancouver): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and Vancouver: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs IEEE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-ieee): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and IEEE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs AMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-ama): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and AMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs Turabian](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-turabian): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and Turabian: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs CSE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-cse): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and CSE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Chicago vs Vancouver](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/chicago-vs-vancouver): Side-by-side comparison of Chicago and Vancouver: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Chicago vs IEEE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/chicago-vs-ieee): Side-by-side comparison of Chicago and IEEE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Chicago vs AMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/chicago-vs-ama): Side-by-side comparison of Chicago and AMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Chicago vs CSE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/chicago-vs-cse): Side-by-side comparison of Chicago and CSE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Chicago vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/chicago-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of Chicago and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Harvard vs IEEE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/harvard-vs-ieee): Side-by-side comparison of Harvard and IEEE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Harvard vs AMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/harvard-vs-ama): Side-by-side comparison of Harvard and AMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Harvard vs Turabian](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/harvard-vs-turabian): Side-by-side comparison of Harvard and Turabian: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Harvard vs CSE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/harvard-vs-cse): Side-by-side comparison of Harvard and CSE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Harvard vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/harvard-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of Harvard and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Vancouver vs IEEE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/vancouver-vs-ieee): Side-by-side comparison of Vancouver and IEEE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Vancouver vs Turabian](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/vancouver-vs-turabian): Side-by-side comparison of Vancouver and Turabian: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Vancouver vs CSE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/vancouver-vs-cse): Side-by-side comparison of Vancouver and CSE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Vancouver vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/vancouver-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of Vancouver and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [IEEE vs AMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ieee-vs-ama): Side-by-side comparison of IEEE and AMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [IEEE vs Turabian](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ieee-vs-turabian): Side-by-side comparison of IEEE and Turabian: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [IEEE vs CSE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ieee-vs-cse): Side-by-side comparison of IEEE and CSE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [IEEE vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ieee-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of IEEE and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [AMA vs Turabian](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ama-vs-turabian): Side-by-side comparison of AMA and Turabian: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [AMA vs CSE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ama-vs-cse): Side-by-side comparison of AMA and CSE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [AMA vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ama-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of AMA and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Turabian vs CSE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/turabian-vs-cse): Side-by-side comparison of Turabian and CSE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Turabian vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/turabian-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of Turabian and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [CSE vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/cse-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of CSE and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs OSCOLA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-oscola): Side-by-side comparison of APA and OSCOLA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs AGLC](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-aglc): Side-by-side comparison of APA and AGLC: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs Bluebook](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-bluebook): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and Bluebook: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs OSCOLA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-oscola): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and OSCOLA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Chicago vs Bluebook](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/chicago-vs-bluebook): Side-by-side comparison of Chicago and Bluebook: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Chicago vs OSCOLA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/chicago-vs-oscola): Side-by-side comparison of Chicago and OSCOLA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Harvard vs OSCOLA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/harvard-vs-oscola): Side-by-side comparison of Harvard and OSCOLA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Harvard vs Bluebook](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/harvard-vs-bluebook): Side-by-side comparison of Harvard and Bluebook: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [OSCOLA vs AGLC](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/oscola-vs-aglc): Side-by-side comparison of OSCOLA and AGLC: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Bluebook vs AGLC](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/bluebook-vs-aglc): Side-by-side comparison of Bluebook and AGLC: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs BMJ](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-bmj): Side-by-side comparison of APA and BMJ: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs Lancet](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-lancet): Side-by-side comparison of APA and Lancet: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs JAMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-jama): Side-by-side comparison of APA and JAMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Vancouver vs BMJ](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/vancouver-vs-bmj): Side-by-side comparison of Vancouver and BMJ: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Vancouver vs Lancet](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/vancouver-vs-lancet): Side-by-side comparison of Vancouver and Lancet: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Vancouver vs JAMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/vancouver-vs-jama): Side-by-side comparison of Vancouver and JAMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [AMA vs Vancouver](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ama-vs-vancouver): Side-by-side comparison of AMA and Vancouver: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [AMA vs BMJ](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ama-vs-bmj): Side-by-side comparison of AMA and BMJ: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [AMA vs Lancet](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ama-vs-lancet): Side-by-side comparison of AMA and Lancet: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [AMA vs JAMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ama-vs-jama): Side-by-side comparison of AMA and JAMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [BMJ vs Lancet](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/bmj-vs-lancet): Side-by-side comparison of BMJ and Lancet: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [BMJ vs JAMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/bmj-vs-jama): Side-by-side comparison of BMJ and JAMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Lancet vs JAMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/lancet-vs-jama): Side-by-side comparison of Lancet and JAMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs ACS](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-acs): Side-by-side comparison of APA and ACS: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs Cell](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-cell): Side-by-side comparison of APA and Cell: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs Science](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-science): Side-by-side comparison of APA and Science: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Nature vs ACS](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/nature-vs-acs): Side-by-side comparison of Nature and ACS: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Nature vs Cell](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/nature-vs-cell): Side-by-side comparison of Nature and Cell: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Nature vs Science](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/nature-vs-science): Side-by-side comparison of Nature and Science: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [ACS vs Cell](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/acs-vs-cell): Side-by-side comparison of ACS and Cell: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [ACS vs Science](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/acs-vs-science): Side-by-side comparison of ACS and Science: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Cell vs Science](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/cell-vs-science): Side-by-side comparison of Cell and Science: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [CSE vs ACS](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/cse-vs-acs): Side-by-side comparison of CSE and ACS: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [CSE vs Cell](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/cse-vs-cell): Side-by-side comparison of CSE and Cell: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [CSE vs Science](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/cse-vs-science): Side-by-side comparison of CSE and Science: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Elsevier Harvard vs Harvard](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/elsevier-harvard-vs-harvard): Side-by-side comparison of Elsevier Harvard and Harvard: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Elsevier Harvard vs APA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/elsevier-harvard-vs-apa): Side-by-side comparison of Elsevier Harvard and APA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Turabian vs Chicago](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/turabian-vs-chicago): Side-by-side comparison of Turabian and Chicago: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [ASA vs APA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/asa-vs-apa): Side-by-side comparison of ASA and APA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [ASA vs Chicago](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/asa-vs-chicago): Side-by-side comparison of ASA and Chicago: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APSA vs APA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apsa-vs-apa): Side-by-side comparison of APSA and APA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APSA vs Chicago](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apsa-vs-chicago): Side-by-side comparison of APSA and Chicago: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APSA vs ASA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apsa-vs-asa): Side-by-side comparison of APSA and ASA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [NLM vs Vancouver](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/nlm-vs-vancouver): Side-by-side comparison of NLM and Vancouver: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [NLM vs AMA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/nlm-vs-ama): Side-by-side comparison of NLM and AMA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [ACM vs IEEE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/acm-vs-ieee): Side-by-side comparison of ACM and IEEE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Springer vs IEEE](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/springer-vs-ieee): Side-by-side comparison of Springer and IEEE: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Springer vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/springer-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of Springer and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [PLOS vs Nature](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/plos-vs-nature): Side-by-side comparison of PLOS and Nature: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [PLOS vs Cell](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/plos-vs-cell): Side-by-side comparison of PLOS and Cell: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [IEEE vs ACM](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/ieee-vs-acm): Side-by-side comparison of IEEE and ACM: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [APA vs APSA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/apa-vs-apsa): Side-by-side comparison of APA and APSA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [MLA vs ASA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/mla-vs-asa): Side-by-side comparison of MLA and ASA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Harvard vs ASA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/harvard-vs-asa): Side-by-side comparison of Harvard and ASA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. - [Chicago vs APSA](https://www.citationeasy.com/compare/chicago-vs-apsa): Side-by-side comparison of Chicago and APSA: in-text citations, reference list entries, capitalization, and which disciplines require each. ## Citation styles by academic field - [Citation styles for Psychology](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/psychology): Citation styles commonly used in psychology, behavioral science, and cognitive research. - [Citation styles for Education](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/education): Citation styles for education research, pedagogy, and curriculum studies. - [Citation styles for Sociology](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/sociology): Citation styles used in sociological research and social theory. - [Citation styles for Anthropology](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/anthropology): Citation styles for anthropological and ethnographic research. - [Citation styles for Political Science](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/political-science): Citation styles for political science, government, and public policy research. - [Citation styles for Economics](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/economics): Citation styles used in economics and econometrics research. - [Citation styles for Business & Management](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/business): Citation styles for business, management, marketing, and finance research. - [Citation styles for Literature & Languages](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/literature): Citation styles for literary studies, linguistics, and language research. - [Citation styles for History](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/history): Citation styles for historical research, historiography, and archival studies. - [Citation styles for Philosophy](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/philosophy): Citation styles for philosophical writing and ethics research. - [Citation styles for Law & Legal Studies](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/law): Legal citation styles for court documents, law reviews, and legal scholarship. - [Citation styles for Medicine & Clinical Sciences](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/medicine): Citation styles for medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare. - [Citation styles for Nursing & Midwifery](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/nursing): Citation styles for nursing research and healthcare practice. - [Citation styles for Public Health & Epidemiology](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/public-health): Citation styles for public health research and epidemiological studies. - [Citation styles for Pharmacy](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/pharmacy): Citation styles for pharmaceutical and pharmacological research. - [Citation styles for Biology & Life Sciences](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/biology): Citation styles for biological research, ecology, and genetics. - [Citation styles for Chemistry](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/chemistry): Citation styles for chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science research. - [Citation styles for Physics](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/physics): Citation styles for physics, astrophysics, and applied physics research. - [Citation styles for Engineering](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/engineering): Citation styles for engineering and applied technology research. - [Citation styles for Computer Science](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/computer-science): Citation styles for computer science, AI, and software engineering research. - [Citation styles for Mathematics & Statistics](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/mathematics): Citation styles for mathematics, applied math, and statistics research. - [Citation styles for Environmental Science](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/environmental-science): Citation styles for environmental research and sustainability studies. - [Citation styles for Earth & Geological Sciences](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/earth-science): Citation styles for geology, geophysics, and earth science research. - [Citation styles for Art History & Visual Arts](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/art-history): Citation styles for art history, visual culture, and museum studies. - [Citation styles for Music & Musicology](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/music): Citation styles for music research, theory, and performance studies. - [Citation styles for Theology & Religious Studies](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/theology): Citation styles for theological and religious scholarship. - [Citation styles for Social Work](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/social-work): Citation styles for social work research and practice. - [Citation styles for Linguistics](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/linguistics): Citation styles for linguistics, phonetics, and language science. - [Citation styles for Architecture & Urban Planning](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/architecture): Citation styles for architecture, urban design, and planning research. - [Citation styles for Film & Media Studies](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/film-media): Citation styles for film, television, media, and communication studies. - [Citation styles for Journalism & Communication](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/journalism): Citation styles for journalism, media studies, and communication research. - [Citation styles for Criminology & Criminal Justice](https://www.citationeasy.com/citation-styles/field/criminology): Citation styles for criminology and criminal justice research. ## Cheat sheets - [APA 7 cheat sheet](https://www.citationeasy.com/cheat-sheets/apa): One-page APA 7 summary: in-text citations, reference entries for common sources, and paper formatting at a glance. - [MLA 9 cheat sheet](https://www.citationeasy.com/cheat-sheets/mla): One-page MLA 9 summary: in-text citations, reference entries for common sources, and paper formatting at a glance. - [Chicago cheat sheet](https://www.citationeasy.com/cheat-sheets/chicago): One-page Chicago summary: in-text citations, reference entries for common sources, and paper formatting at a glance. ## Everything else The full catalog is too long for this file. Every page is listed in [llms-full.txt](https://www.citationeasy.com/llms-full.txt): - Core pages: 17 pages - Major citation style hubs: 30 pages - Citation style reference pages: 10,834 pages - Citation example pages: 15 pages - Paper formatting guides: 15 pages - In-text citation guides: 15 pages - Annotated bibliography guides: 15 pages - Reference/works-cited page guides: 15 pages - Free writing & citation tools: 71 pages - Educational guides: 125 pages - How to cite in